MEDICAL CONDITIONS
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
(PXE)
What is pseudoxanthoma elasticum?
The connective tissues are the structural portions of the body that essentially hold the body cells together. These tissues form a framework or matrix for the body. The connective tissues are composed of 2 major structural molecules, collagen and elastin. There are many different collagen protein types which vary in abundance depending on body area. Elastin is another protein which has the capability of stretching and returning to original length like a spring.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare disorder of degeneration of the elastic fibers with tiny areas of calcification in the skin, back of the eyes (retinae), and blood vessels. Interestingly, while elastin is the major component of ligaments (tissues which attach bone to bone), the ligaments are not apparently affected by PXE.
How is pseudoxanthoma elasticum inherited?
PXE is inherited from the parents, either as an autosomal recessive or as an autosomal dominant trait. Identification of the gene responsible for PXE can facilitate the determination of the exact patterns of inheritance.
What are symptoms of pseudoxanthoma elasticum?
PXE typically causes yellow-white small raised areas in the skin folds, often appearing in the second or third decades of life. These skin abnormalities frequently appear on the neck, armpits, and other areas that bend a great deal (referred to as flexure areas). The face is not affected by PXE. The doctor can often see abnormalities in the back of the eye (retinae) called angioid streaks, which are tiny breaks in the elastin-filled tissue there. These eye abnormalities can lead to blindness.
Other areas that can be affected in PXE include the heart which can be affected by atherosclerosis and mitral valve prolapse. Small blood vessels are abnormally fragile in patients with PXE because the blood vessel walls contain elastin and are weakened. This can lead to abnormal bleeding in such areas as the bowel and, very rarely, the uterus. Impairment of circulation to the legs can lead to pains in the legs while walking (claudication).
What is the treatment for patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum?
There is no cure for PXE. Treatment of patients with PXE involves monitoring organ function and consequences of the effects of the weakened elastin fibers in the body as well as measures to prevent injury and promote overall health.
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum At A Glance - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare disorder of degeneration of the elastic fibers.
- PXE is inherited from the parents.
- PXE typically causes yellow-white small raised areas in the skin folds (flexure areas).
- PXE can affect areas of the body other than the skin.
- Treatment of PXE involves monitoring by the doctor and measures to prevent injury and promote overall health.
Author: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR
For further information about Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum, please visit the following site:
PXE International: Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
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