MEDICAL DICTIONARY
Endometrial cancer: Cancer of the womb (the uterus ). Endometrial cancer occurs most often in women between the ages of 55 and 70 years. It accounts for about 6% of cancer in women. Women at elevated risk for endometrial cancer include those who are obese , who have few or no children, who began menstruating at a young age, who had a late menopause , and women of high socioeconomic status. It is thought that most of these risk factors are related to hormones, especially excess estrogen . 
Abnormal bleeding after menopause is the most common symptom of endometrial cancer. The diagnosis is based on the results of the pelvic examination, pap smear, biopsy of the uterus, and D and C (dilitation and curettage).
Treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy , hormone therapy , or chemotherapy . In its early stage, endometrial cancer is usually treated by surgery. The uterus and cervix are removed by hysterectomy . Radiation therapy may be done before surgery to shrink the cancer or after surgery to prevent recurrence of the cancer. A combination of external and internal radiation therapy is often used. If the cancer has spread extensively or has recurred after treatment, a female hormone (progesterone) or chemotherapy may be recommended.
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